ח and כ/ך can both make the Ch/Kh sound not found in English, but found in other languages, such as German, Polish, and Scottish.In Yiddish, ע represents the letter E, distinguishing it from א representing the letter A, though this is not done in Hebrew. ע is usually used only in native Hebrew words and for a vowel sound following an identical vowel sound. Generally, א is used for transliterations. א and ע are both 'silent letters' that can represent vowels.ש can also the Sh sound and is use for Sh. Generally, ס is used for transliterations. כ is used for a Ch pronounced like a K as in 'Christopher.' Generally, ק is used for transliterations of both C and K. ת is used when a Th makes a T sound as in 'Thomas.' Generally ט is used by default for transliterations. This is to eliminate confusion, as ב can also make a B sound, and ו can also be used for O, U, and W. Generally, ו is used at the beginning of words and ב elsewhere in words, though ו can be used for a V sound elsewhere in words. Note that several pairs of Hebrew letters sound alike. For vowels with ambiguous sounds, use the Hebrew letter that represents that vowel (e.g.For A followed by an L (as in 'fall') use ול (spelled פול).For Oi as in 'coin' or Oy as in 'boy,' use וי (spelled as קוין, בוי).For Ou as in 'young' use א (spelled יאנג). For Ou as in 'mouse' or Ow as in 'how,' use או (spelled as מאוס, האו).For Au as in 'August' or Aw as in 'law,' use או (spelled as אוגוסט, לאו).For O as in 'mother' use א (spelled מאת׳ר).For I as in 'ride' use יי (spelled רייד).For E as in 'Megan' use יי (spelled מייגן).For E as in 'green,' use י (spelled as גרין).If the E sound starts the word, use א (as in Ed, spelled אד). For E as in 'bed,' do not use a letter (bed would be spelled בד).For A as in 'cake,' use יי (spelled as קייק).For A as in 'father,' park,' or 'what,' use א.For non-accented A-sounds (as in 'Canada,' which is spelled קנדה), omit א. For A as in 'apple', use א when at the beginning of a word or when strongly accented (as in 'Harry,' which is spelled הארי).Occasionally a Hebrew word will be written with radicals only and no vowel pointing in this case there will be no transliteration.Know the rules for representing all the different vowel sounds, as follows: If a Hebrew or Greek phrase in the notes is extensive, in many cases it will not be transliterated for stylistic reasons to avoid unnecessary length and awkwardness. When appropriate (based on the context within the note) the translation of the word or phrase will follow the transliteration. a[busso" ) will not be transliterated, nor will Hebrew or Greek words and phrases contained in direct quotations. Hebrew and Greek words contained in citations of lexical tools (e.g., BDAG 2 s.v. Only the first occurrence of a word in any note will be transliterated. Hebrew and Greek in translators notes and text-critical notes will usually be transliterated, but there are some exceptions. General guidelines for transliteration are as follows: Hebrew and Greek words or phrases in study notes will always be transliterated. Throughout the notes most Hebrew and Greek words or phrases will be transliterated into English. Hebrew/English Transliteration Hebrew/English Transliteration 1
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